What Types of Texas Government Research Paper Topics Are Available?

What Types of Texas Government Research Paper Topics Are Available?Students in Texas government research paper topics will find that they are provided with a wide range of courses, including government, economics, history, psychology, and social sciences. The government research paper course list includes almost every course that is available to any student. This means that students can select from a variety of different topics that they feel will be best suited for their needs.Students who are interested in learning about the economic and financial aspects of the state of Texas should consider studying economic research paper topics. There are many research papers that focus on the impact of taxes, government spending, and the monetary and fiscal policies that affect the state of Texas. By reviewing these topics, students will be able to see how tax policy affects the economy of the state.Government research paper topics that are focused on psychology include topics that pertain to public psychology. For example, students might be interested in examining whether certain types of public policies affect the behavior of people in a particular area. The information that students gather in this research course may be used to inform public policy decisions.Economic public psychology is another branch of psychology that is used to understand how business and finance decisions affect business communities. Students in this course will learn how the overall health of the community is affected by economic factors. Topics that may be included in this course include how the government can help support businesses that are struggling with bad financial situations.Other research paper topics that are used in psychology include those that focus on crime. Students in this course will be provided with information about crime rates in the state. Topics such as education, family structure, and drug use may also be covered in this course.One of the most popular research paper topic s that is available in this state is criminal justice. Students in this course are taught about how the incarceration rates in the state can affect the lives of the residents. The topics include prison crime, the impact of prisons on the state's economy, and the effect of criminal offenders on the economy of the state.One of the more unique options that students have when it comes to researching the issues that are involved in the financial and monetary policies of the state of Texas is the use of psychology research paper topics. In this course, students will be given a number of choices. Most students will choose to learn about laws that pertain to small business development and tourism.The opportunity for students to choose the specific topic that they want to study is another reason why Texas government research paper topics are so popular. Choosing the right course is important because choosing the wrong one can impact the student's entire career. Research paper topics can be v ery important for students who are looking to gain job experience and knowledge of government regulations.

How To Write An Argumentative Government Intervention Essay Topic

How To Write An Argumentative Government Intervention Essay TopicIf you are applying for a graduate degree, then you have already taken time to learn about the history of the civil rights movement, the achievements of African-Americans and the ongoing battle between the right and the left on political and economic issues. You must have researched various state and federal policies regarding race relations. You may be a lawyer or even a professor who has written extensively on political and legal issues. If this is you, you must know that your essay topic should include an explanation of why you believe you are qualified to make the best decision on behalf of your country.If you don't have any good history on hand, it would be good to find out some ideas from an outside source. Books and articles can help you learn about the Civil Rights movement, economic depression and other areas where the government was involved in events and helped shape the future of our country. And when you fi nally write your essay, you should look at it critically. It needs to relate to your life experiences, current political and economic trends and all of the topics mentioned earlier.The first place to start with your government intervention essay topics is what you have to say about the race issue. Let's get one thing straight: The issue of race in our country is not as simple as you might think. There are many causes to blame, including things like racism and socioeconomic barriers. You have to explain how the governments of both the Democratic and Republican parties have failed in their responsibilities.Why do you think the black race has played such a pivotal role in shaping our nation? How is it that the voting rights act was passed? In what ways does the education system need improvement?Without being too political, there are many places where the government has played a pivotal role. We must look at the social security system, the Voting Rights Act, education, housing, unemploy ment benefits, affirmative action and civil rights laws. Most people would point to the Civil Rights Movement, which was successful in many ways.Politics certainly played a role in helping black Americans achieve so much. But if you are going to claim your place in the debate, you need to find out how the government did.And that's not all! If you are going to show off your education, your experience and your knowledge, you need to prove why you are the best person to handle such a sensitive issue. With your essay topics, you can showcase your capabilities as a leader who can serve the best interests of the country.

How Permanent Are Permanet Markers Free Essays

For my science fair project, I figured out what solvent would work best to erase permanent marker. The solvents I tested were: lemon juice, vinegar, water, and rubbing alcohol. I tried each of these solvents on a permanent marker line on plastic, paper, fabric, and wood. We will write a custom essay sample on How Permanent Are Permanet Markers or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this research paper, I will be talking about what a permanent marker is, how they are made, why they work so well, what rubbing alcohol is and its common uses, what vinegar is and its common uses, what water is and why water is so essential, and what exactly lemon juice is. I will also be talking about how plastic is made, how fabric is made, how wood is made, and how paper is made. A permanent marker is a type of writing utensil that is used to create permanent lines on almost any surface. The ink of a permanent marker is water resistant, contains propanol, butanol, diacetone alcohol, and different dye colorings, and can vary between all colors from black to yellow. The process of creating a Sharpie permanent marker is not very long or complicated. First, the barrel of the marker is molded out of a plastic resin. Screen printing is added to the barrel, including information such as the description of the color of the ink and the Sharpie logo. A filament made out of cotton material is used to hold in the ink as it is inserted into the barrel. A needle is used to inject the permanent ink from the opposite end of the barrel. Then the writing tip is applied. The cap is placed on the Sharpie marker and the permanent ink is slowly absorbed into the tip of the marker. The Sharpie is the most popular permanent marker company worldwide. The brand â€Å"Sharpie† was founded in 1857 and sold ink and glue. Any permanent marker’s ink must contain three ingredients to work. These ingredients are colorant, carrier, and resin. The colorant is what gives the ink its color. Colorants in permanent markers are often pigments, instead of dyes, because pigments fade less easily and do not bleed through paper. Dyes are soluble in water, whereas pigments are not. Dyes cannot withstand light as long as pigments can, although dyes are generally available in a wider spectrum of colors. Carriers are what transmit the dye to the paper. They must be able to evaporate quickly once the ink is used. Carriers used to be made up of chemicals such as xylene and toluene, but were vastly replaced by alcohol-based markers in the 1990s. The resin is what causes the ink to stick to a surface. It must have a â€Å"sticky† quality. The resin forms a film over the pigment once the carrier evaporates. The reason that permanent marker works is because permanent ink soaks into a surface, whereas regular erasable ink does not soak into surfaces, but binds to surfaces. Permanent ink is made with resins and dyes dissolved in glycol and water. The ink dries when the glycol or water evaporates and it soaks into the surface, leaving a permanent mark. There are ways to effectively remove ink from permanent markers. Alcohol will work to erase permanent marker on almost any surface. Many items, such as hairspray or deodorant, contain alcohol and could effectively erase permanent marker. Baking soda is another well-known permanent marker remover. Vinegar was one of the solvents I experimented with. Vinegar is the product of the fermentation of ethanol. The very slow fermentation process can take weeks or even months and occurs naturally. With a machine to help promote oxygenation, however, fermentation can be as quick as a few days. The typical pH of vinegar can range from 2 to 3. 5. Vinegar can be used for many things, such as a cooking ingredient or condiment, it can be used for household cleaning, it has medicinal properties, and it even has agricultural applications. Lemon juice was another solvent I experimented with. Lemon juice is exactly what it sounds like. It is lemon juice squeezed from a lemon. Lemon juice has similar nutritional values as the whole lemon. Lemon juice is an excellent source of Vitamin C and can help your body against harmful germs and bacteria. Lemons are also antioxidants and can help the brain and nerve cells as well as having calcium to help your bones and teeth. The solvent that worked best in my experiment was rubbing alcohol. Rubbing alcohol is a denatured alcohol especially used as an antiseptic. It can also be used to cool, warm, or soothe skin. It can inflame the skin and if ingested, may potentially be fatal. Rubbing alcohol consists of 2 ingredients: isopropyl alcohol and water. In fact, rubbing alcohol consists of so much isopropyl alcohol (70%) that it is often referred to just as isopropyl alcohol. Water was the final solvent that I used in my experiment. Water is essential for anything and everything. Human beings need water to stay hydrated and survive. All living creatures need water to stay hydrated and survive. Everyone uses water every day; whether it’s to shower, brush their teeth, to drink, swim, wash their hands, or to water plants. Seventy percent of the world is made up of water. Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, and is often referred to as H2O. The H2 stands for the 2 oxygen atoms and the O stands for oxygen. Water can be a liquid, solid, or gas. Water in its regular state is a liquid, can be frozen to form ice, which is a solid, or boiled at 100 ° C to evaporate it and turn it into water vapour, which is a gas. Plastic was one of the surfaces I used in my experiment. Plastic comes from the Greek word plastikos, which means fit for moulding. Plastic is made using a long and complicated process. First, petroleum is drilled and transported to a refinery. Then, crude oil and natural gas are refined into many petrochemical products such as fuel for your car, ethylene, and propylene. Catalyst is combined with ethylene in a reactor, resulting in polymer, a powdered material. Afterwards, the polymer is combined with additives in a blender. The polymer is put in an extruder, where it gets melted. The melted plastic is now cooled and a machine cuts the plastic into small pellets. The pellets are shipped to industries. The industries manufacture plastic products by melting the pellets to a semifluid state, putting it in a mould under great pressure, and hardening it. The mould opens and the product is completed except for detail work. Another surface that I used in my experiment was paper. To make paper, first trees are specially harvested like crops for the purpose of making paper. Logs of wood are put through a machine that takes off all the bark on the tree. Then, wood chippers cut the wood into 1 inch bits and the bits are put inside a pressure cooker with chemicals and water. The pulp is then washed, refined, cleaned, and turned to slush in a machine that beats the pulp. Color dyes, coatings, and other substances are mixed in and the slush is pumped onto a moving wire screen. The water is drained away on the screen and is recycled. The web of slush is rolled between large rollers to remove a large amount of the excess water and to ensure smoothness and uniform thickness. The resulting product is run through heated drying rollers to remove all of the remaining water. The completed paper is wound into large rolls, which can measure up to 30 feet wide. A slicer cuts the paper into small, more manageable rolls. The paper is now ready for use. Wood was the third surface I used in my experiment. The process for making wood is quite simplistic. First, logging companies cut trees down and bring them to a mill. There, they are prepared for particular uses. Machines cut the logs into boards and are sealed or pressure-treated to preserve them. Then the boards are either sold through a lumberyard or sold directly to companies which need them. Fabric was the final surface that I tested the removal of permanent marker on. Cotton fabric also has a lengthy process. First, the ginning, which is the method of separating cotton fibres from seedpods. This is done by machines in a cotton field. Then, the cotton fibre is spun. Yarn is produced from spinning cotton fibre. In this stage, the cotton yarns are made of different thicknesses. Afterwards, a machine weaves threads of yarn, which eventually turn them into cloth after weaving many threads together. Now, the cloth is basically constructed, but must go through some detail work. First, the cloth goes through singeing, which is the process that burns off excess fibres sticking from the goods. Then, the cloth goes through scouring, which is the cleaning of the fabric. Then, some fabrics are bleached to make it a lighter colour. Mercerizing, which is the dipping of fabric in alkali to make it stronger, shiny, durable, shrink free, and stretch free, comes next. Finally, the fabric is treated with chemicals to make it more durable, and it is shipped off to companies that will either use or sell it. Vinegar, water, lemon juice, and rubbing alcohol all have many uses around the house, but when it comes to erasing permanent marker, rubbing alcohol definitely beat the rest. How to cite How Permanent Are Permanet Markers, Essay examples

Domestic Violence Essay Example For Students

Domestic Violence Essay By: michela caple E-mail: emailprotected The Social Agency Oasis? mission is to provide services to battered women and their children. They feel everyone has th right to a life free from violence. Oasis does not necessarily try to end these abusive relationships they encounter, just the violence. They believe in self determination and support their clients in any decision they make. Oasis only wants what is best for everyone involved. They are the leading women?s advocate for this area. Eligibility requirements for Oasis, firstly the women must be in a dangerous situation at home. She is a victim of abuse or sexual abuse. She does not have anywhere else to go and cannot leave on her own. She is not aloud to give the location of the shelter to anyone, that would put the whole house at risk. She has to come out and meet the volunteers at the courthouse, the police station or the hospital because they have security. Security is important incase a dangerous situaton arises. She also cannot be on any type of substance, alcohol or drugs. Terry Julian, Oasis,( personal communication, March 15, 2000). Oasis provides for their clients a 24-hour crisis line for family violence and sexual assault. Shelter for abused women and their children. They provide only short term counseling for their clients. Oasis can refer the women to phsycologists but, they do not have recoveery counseling. They provide advocacy and companionship for victims needing assistance through medical examinations, law enforcement and court procedures. They provide information and referals and also educational programs to schools and the community. Oasis is a short-term assistance program only. If a woman and child were to come to them with only the clothes on their back?s, then Oasis would provide them with the basics. The shelter will feed them, clothe them and provide temporary housing. Oasis also has transition housing to help get these ladies back on their feet. Support groups are sometimes avaliable but, that depends on whether there are women around who need to come to the meetings. There is no charge for any service Oasis provides but, they are not able to give cash either. Oasis could only give someone money if they just needed to have alittle to get somewhere close, such as Charlotte. Terry Julian, Oasis (personal communication March 15,2000). Oasis operates on Federal and State grants, private donations and help from United Way. Oasis runs with a board of fifteen people and six are full time employees. There is an executive director who is the grant writer, then there is the director of client services and her assistant. The latter two work with the clients at the shelter. Then there is the community educator and the volunteer coordinator . Volunteers play a big part in Oasis operations and they receive 20 hours of training from the community educator before becoming active. Volunteers can work the crisis line, work at the shelter or become an advocate. Terry Julian, Oasis (personal communication March 15,2000). During 1999 Oasis had seventeen women and twenty-eight children stay at the shelter. They had ninety-five non-shelter domestic violence cases, eighteen non-shelter sexual assalt cases and three-hundred seventy-five crisis calls. Domestic violence occurs with all ethnic and cultural backgrounds but, Boone and Watauga, Alleghany and Ashe counties do not correctly represent the American Population. Because this area is predominatly made up of middle to lower class caucasian Southern Baptists, these are the women they see. Terry Julian, Oasis (personal communication March 15,2000). Despite the wonderful services Oasis provides, they have a few shortcomings. The biggest one is that the shelter is only temporary, just to get women out of immediate danger. .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 , .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 .postImageUrl , .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 , .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0:hover , .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0:visited , .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0:active { border:0!important; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0:active , .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0 .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uae9d74a3f48f19bc9d5be48d7fdad5b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Learn English Parts of Speech Explana Essay But on the up side they do have transitional housing for the women and their children to get into and get back on their feet. Another downfall is that they do not have any trained counselors. Since they are a non-profit organization they more then likely would not be able to get a professional to work for free. One might be willing to give them some time but, they could not afford to give all their time and knowledge. The last problem the shelter has but, is not their

Subjugation of Freedom in One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest free essay sample

The Subjugation of Freedom in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Ken Kesey’s book, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, is a multi-faceted work incorporating many thematic elements. One of the most easily addressable themes is that of freedom and its limitations placed upon the characters in the novel. Many types of freedoms are addressed ranging from the tangible and real to the perceived and implied. The setting primarily takes place in a mental hospital on a locked ward which limits the characters’ physical freedoms. The characters are constantly coerced and demeaned by the antagonist Ms. Ratched which limits their mental freedoms. Beneath all is a subtext of sexual repression which is constantly fought against by McMurphy. Individually, each of these subjugations might be tolerated given exclusions to the others, but together they weigh down the men to the point where their complete lack of freedom almost becomes a comfort. We will write a custom essay sample on Subjugation of Freedom in One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mental hospitals are typically secure facilities intended to provide a place for patients, whose symptoms range from minor to severe, to be secured and not be a danger to the rest of society while treatment is applied. The manner in which the patients are described in the story indicates that they are not severe mental cases but are those who are unable to function in society at large due to idiosyncrasies and minor hang-ups, yet they are housed in a ward where they are kept under lock and key, their movement is restricted to one day-room, and their activities are on a strictly regulated time-table. Most of the men have given up their physical freedom voluntarily with the expectation of treatment, mental healing and the eventual release back into society. McMurphy, on the other hand, was committed by the state and his sentence depends on the opinion of the Big Nurse, though he doesn’t realize this right away. Nurse Ratched does not resort to physical touch herself and instead uses the three ward aides to perform her physical brutality for her. McMurphy’s eventual goal is to get the other men out of the ward as much as possible because they have become too accustom to it. To do so all at once would likely be too great a shock so McMurphy starts inside the hospital with simply moving the group to another day room. Gradually, they are able to spend more time out of the ward with activities like basketball and the pool. The culmination of their unconventional therapy is the fishing trip where the men re-learn what real life outside the hospital can be like. Nurse Ratched doesn’t resort to physicality with the patients. She much prefers mental control and the main focus for her efforts of control. She has become a master of subtlety and misdirection. Before McMurphy arrives she has the men eager and willing to tattle on each other for tiny rewards. This information is then used in group therapy sessions where the idea is that the men can rely on each other for strength and the group will help lift them up, grow stronger and heal. What actually happens is each man takes it in turn to be attacked by the others for their faults. This is all orchestrated masterfully by Nurse Ratched who has but to ask a few simple pointed questions to get the fire burning. When she isn’t using the men’s own minds against them she drugs them to keep their thoughts slow, to keep them unmotivated and to keep them calm. Also in her arsenal is the threat of maximum mental punishment through shock therapy and lobotomy. Her technique is so perfectly insidious that the men work their hardest to please her to the detriment of each other and ultimately their own selves. She is able to perpetually keep the men in a state where they believe they need her and the hospitals help. Sex is used in the novel as a representation of total freedom. Its exercise is almost always portrayed by McMurphy who, through his general demeanor and newness to the hospital, is the most free, sexually, of any of the men. He is so free, that it has gotten him into trouble as he only seems to be able to act on impulse. Society is not able to deal with his complete abandon and he is eventually punished for it by having a piece of his brain removed. The rest of the men are all repressed mostly due to some problem they’ve had with the women in their lives. In fact, it is their inability to deal with women that brought them to the hospital in the first place. Women are portrayed throughout the book as the root of all men’s problems. Nurse Ratched is the penultimate figure of sexual repression. She does not acknowledge her femininity but hides it successfully, but for her bosom, beneath her sterile, pressed uniform. She is cold toward the men offering no real compassion and serves only to aggravate the men’s issues with women in general. Her power is finally stripped from her, quite literally, when McMurphy rips open her uniform revealing her breasts, the symbol of femininity; she is a woman after all. Limiting or removing freedom boils down to control. Those who restrict freedoms wish to exercise control upon those whose freedoms have been infringed. In the story, the restriction of all freedoms is personified and executed by the â€Å"Big Nurse,† Ms. Ratched. She symbolizes all forms of repression and is the face of the societal machine, whose purpose is to remove individuality and replace self-restraint with group shame. The implication Kesey suggests is that when a person isn’t free to move, free to think, or free to love then they cannot be a valuable, functioning member of society. Works Cited Kesey, Ken. One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest, a Novel. New York: Viking, 1962. Print.

Beauty Standards in Heian Japan, 794 - 1185 CE

Beauty Standards in Heian Japan, 794 - 1185 CE Different cultures have varied standards of female beauty. Some societies prefer women with stretched lower lips, or facial tattoos, or brass rings around their elongated necks. In Heian-era Japan, a beautiful woman had to have incredibly long hair, layer after layer of silk robes, and an intriguing make-up routine. Heian Era Hair The women of the imperial court in Heian Japan grew their hair as long as possible. They wore it straight down their backs, a shining sheet of black tresses (called kurokami). This fashion began as a reaction against imported Chinese fashions, which were much shorter and included ponytails or buns. The record-holder among Heian hair-growers, according to tradition, was a woman with hair 7 meters (23 feet) long! Beautiful Faces and Makeup The typical Heian beauty was required to have a pouty mouth, narrow eyes, a thin nose, and round apple-cheeks. Women used a heavy rice powder to paint their faces and necks white. They also drew bright red rose-bud lips on over their natural lip-lines. In a fashion that looks very odd to modern sensibilities, Japanese aristocratic women of this era shaved off their eyebrows. Then, they painted on misty new eyebrows high on their foreheads, almost at the hair-line. They achieved this effect by dipping their thumbs into black powder  and then smudging them onto their foreheads. This is known as butterfly eyebrows. Another feature that seems unattractive now was the fashion for blackened teeth. Because they used to whiten their skin, natural teeth ended up looking yellow in comparison. Therefore, Heian women painted their teeth black. Blackened teeth were supposed to be more attractive than yellow ones, and they also matched the womens black hair. Piles of Silk The final aspect of a Heian-era beautys preparations consisted of piling on the silk robes. This style of dress is called ni-hito, or twelve layers, but some upper-class women wore as many as forty layers of unlined silk. The layer closest to the skin was usually white, sometimes red. This garment was an ankle-length robe called the kosode; it was only visible at the neckline. Next was the nagabakama, a split skirt that tied at the waist and resembled a pair of red pants. Formal nagabakama could include a train more than a foot long. The first layer that was readily visible was the hitoe, a plain-colored robe. Over that, women layered between 10 and 40 beautifully patterned uchigi (robes), many of which were adorned with brocade or painted nature scenes. The top layer was called the uwagi, and it was made of the smoothest, finest silk. It often had elaborate decorations woven or painted into it. One final piece of silk completed the outfit for the highest ranks or for the most formal occasions; a sort of apron worn at the rear called a mo. It must have taken hours for these noble women to get ready to be seen in court each day. Pity their attendants, who did their own simplified version of the same routine first, and then helped their ladies with all of the necessary preparations of a Heian-era Japanese beauty. Source: Source on silks: Sara M. Harvey, The Juni-hito of Heian Japan.

Management of Colleges Athletic Programs Assignment

Management of Colleges Athletic Programs - Assignment Example They must quickly develop time-management skills and often have little down time. Student-athletes also have 'a lifestyle that often involves living in a fishbowl-like atmosphere,'" reports Porter (2008) as the author refers to Ender & Wilkie (2000, p. 125). A problem that many colleges and student-athletes face is one where the athletic program leaders, such as a coach or athletic director, demands that the student skip a class in order to attend practice. However, the class that is in conflict with practice is also required. In other words, the student-athlete finds himself/herself torn between missing a class or missing practice. It is a case of athletics versus academics and it is not one to be taken lightly as the college sports become more popular, more entertaining, more in demand, and more commercialized. There is a negative impact of college sports on higher education. However, this is not new. Splitt (2007) cites the Chicago Tribune: [College football] is not a student's game as it once was. It is a highly organized commercial enterprise. The athletes who take part in it have come up through years of training; they are commanded by professional coaches; little if any initiative of ordinary play is left to the player. The great matches are highly profitable enterprises. Sometimes the profits go to finance college sports, sometimes to pay the cost of the sports amphitheater; in some cases the college authorities take a slice for college buildings. The American culture places sports at its core, especially intercollegiate sports. Splitt (2007) refers to her essay, "Sports America 2005" when she reports that, "It seems that only in sports-obsessed and seemingly complacent America can we find a general public that views sports as super cool while the study of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEMs) are considered to be nerdy, and where athletes have a definite edge when it comes to college admission and retention--often in "diploma-mill-like" alternative education programs with questionable accreditation." The author compares the culture of the United States to that of China. The country focuses on education, particularly engineering education. Large investments are made in order to Last Name 3 build schools and to improve university systems. Learning English is another top priority as the Chinese want to learn the language that is used in global business. American colleges and educational institutions are being sacrificed for the constantly-growing and all-consuming beast called commercialism. "Excessive commercialization has brought academic corruption, financial shenanigans, increasing expenditures on athletics, and money-focused presidents who often view sports programs as an economic necessity and undergraduate education as an expensive nuisance and who have little patience with reform efforts by their faculty," states Splitt (2007). College sports, for many decades now, have been a target for scandals and commercials. Sack (1998, p.B7) in his article, "Big-Time Athletics vs. Academic Values: It's a Rout" refers to his years playing for the University of Notre Dame in the 1960's. Although sports were already being highly commercialized, universities still saw the importance of student-athletes